Verse 79 — A. R. Benner's commentary on Homer's Iliad 1 0
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Ἀργεΐων, ‘Argives,’ a third name for the Greeks, the other two being Δαναοί (l.42) and Ἀχαιοί. Ἀργέιοι meant originally the people dwelling in Ἄργος, which at first seems to have indicated the plain of central Thessaly, neighboring to Ἑλλάς. But the name Ἄργος (or Ἄργος Ἀχαιικόν, as it is four times called) was early extended to the whole Peloponnesus. The Thessalian district is once called ‘Pelasgic Argos,’ in distinction (B 681). |
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οἱ is dative singular, as is shown by the fact that it is enclitic: ‘him [in English, ‘whom’] the Achaeans obey.’ |
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The Ἀχαιοί once dwelt in southern Thessaly — in Ἑλλάς and Φθίη, apparently adjacent but distinct districts. The important fact is that the poets use these names (Ἀργέιοι and Ἀχαιοί) freely to indicate all the Greeks; while the name so used later — Ἕλληνες — stands in Homer for a single tribe only, that dwelt in Ἑλλάς (of southern Thessaly). Even of the Homeric Hellas the boundaries are indefinite, and traces of an application of the name more extended than its original use appear in late parts of the Homeric poems (9.447, 478, Od. 1.344, Od. 4.726, 816, Od. 15.80). |
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