ὍΣ, ἥ, ὅ, gen. οὗ, ἧς, οὗ, etc.:—Ep. gen. ὅου, ἕης; dat. pl. οἷσι, ᾗς, ἧσι.—Pronoun, which in early Greek was used

A. as a Demonstr. = οὗτος, ὅδε.

B. as a Relat.

A. DEMONSTR., this, that; sometimes also for αὐτός, he, she, it, only in nom.:

I. in Hom., ἀλλὰ καὶ ὃς δείδοικε Il.; ὃ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων Od.

II. in later Greek,

1. at the beginning of a clause, καὶ ὅς and he, καὶ ἥ and she, καὶ οἵ and they, Hdt., Plat.

2. ὃς καὶ ὅς such and such a person, Hdt.

3. ἦ δʼ ὅς, ἦ δʼ ἥ said he, said she, Plat.

4. in oppositions, Λέριοι κακοί οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δʼ οὐ Phocyl.; ὃς μὲν. . , ὁ δὲ. . , Mosch., etc.

B. RELAT., who, which, Lat. qui, quae, quod: properly, the Relat. is governed by the Noun or Verb in its own clause, but it often takes the case of the Anteced. by attraction, τῆς γενεῆς, ἧς Τρωὶ Ζεὺς δῶκε (where the proper case would be ἥν) Il.; οὐδὲν ὧν λέγω (for οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ λέγω) Soph.:—reversely the Anteced. passes into the case of the Relat., τὰς στήλας, ἃς ἵστα, αἱ πλεῦνες (for τῶν στηλῶν, ἃς ἵστα, αἱ πλεῦνες) Hdt.

2. the neut. was used in Att. without an Antecedent, ὃ δὲ δεινότατόν γʼ ἐστὶν ἁπάντων, ὁ Ζεὺς γὰρ ἕστηκεν but what is the strangest thing of all is, that Zeus stands, Ar., etc.

3. in many instances the Gr. Relat. must be resolved into a Conjunction and Pron., ἄτοπα λέγεις, ὅς γε κελεύεις (for ὅτι σύ γε) Xen.; συμφορὰ δʼ, ὃς ἂν τύχῃ κακῆς γυναικός (for ἐάν τις) Eur.:—it is also used, where we should use the Inf., ἄγγελον 2398 ἧκαν, ὃς ἀγγείλειε nuncium miserunt, qui nunciaret, sent a messenger to tell, Od.; πέμψον τινʼ, ὅστις σημανεῖ Eur.

II. the Relat. Pron. joined with Particles or Conjunctions:

1. ὅς γε, v. ὅσγε.

2. ὃς δή, v. δή 1. 5.

3. ὃς καί who also, but καὶ ὅς and who.

4. ὄς κε or κεν, Att. ὃς ἄν, much like ὅστις, Lat. quicunque, whosoever, who if any.

III. absol. usages of certain Cases of the Relat. Pron.:

1. gen. sing. οὗ, of Place, like ὅπου, where, Aesch., Trag., etc.:—ἔστιν οὗ in some places, Eur.; οὐκ εἶδεν οὗ γῆς in what part of the earth, Id.:—in pregnant phrases, μικρὸν προϊόντες, οὗ ἡ μάχη ἐγένετο (for ἐκεῖσε οὗ) having gone on to the place where. . , Xen.

2. ἐξ οὗ (sub. χρόνου) from the time when, Hom., etc.

3. dat. fem. ἧ, Dor. ἇ, of Place, like Lat. qua, where: also with Sup. Adv., ᾗ μάλιστα, ᾗ ῥᾷστα, ῃ ἄριστον, etc., like ὡς μάλιστα, etc., and Lat. quam celerrime, Xen.

4. acc. sing. neut. ὅ for διʼ ὅ or ὅτι, that, how that, also because, Lat. quod, Hom.:— also wherefore, Lat. quapropter, Eur.