§ 25 — A. R. Benner Selections from Homer's Iliad 18
Modifying
Emphasize important words and phrases with <span class="colored"> .
Using
Insert code into Syntax table as contents of {lineX_wordY_longsyntax} tag,
or into Morphology table as contents of {lineX_wordY_morphology} tag,
or into Prosody table as contents of {lineX_wordY_prosodyexp} tag,
or use any number of paragraphs to
generate grammar table.
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Hiatus (Latin for ‘gaping’) occurs when a word ending in a vowel immediately precedes another which begins with a vowel. It may be avoided, of course, by elision, as ἔφατ'(ο) εὐχόμενος. It is chiefly found under the following conditions: 1. If the first of the two words ends in a long vowel or a diphthong which is regarded and used as a short syllable. This shortening of a final long vowel or diphthong in the arsis, before an initial vowel of the following word, is very common. E. g.
a. Final -αι and -οι, though short in determining word accent, are metrically l ong except under the condition just noted. 2. If the first word ends in -ι (dative singular of third declension) or -υ. E. g. B 6, Ἀγαμεμνονι οὖλον. Ω 387, σύ ἐσσι. But many such instances (e. g. A 393) must be referred to § 25.3. 3. If the first word is followed by a natural pause ( § 16, § 19, 20). E. g. (a) Feminine caesura of third foot: A 27, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντα || ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα. (b) Masculine caesura of third foot: A 114, κουριδίης ἀλόχου, || ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑθέν ἐστι χερείων. (c) Bucolic diaeresis: B 3, ἀλλ' ὅ γε μερμήριζε κατὰ φρένα, | ὡς Ἀχιλῆα. (d) Diaeresis after first foot: I 247, ἀλλ' ἄνα, | εἰ μέμονάς γε κτλ. After the formula αὐτὰρ ὅ at the beginning of a line hiatus is several times found (as in A 333), although there is actually no pause in sense. 4. If the first word ends with the thesis of a foot, even when no natural pause occurs at that point. E. g.
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