§ 1563 — W. W. Goodwin Greek Grammar 1
Text based on: Goodwin W. W. A Greek Grammar. Revised and enlarged. Boston etc.: Ginn and Co. 1892.
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The participle may define the circumstances of an action. It may express following relations:— 1. Time; the tenses denoting various pints of time, which is relative to that of the verb of the sentence (1288). [...] 2. Cause, [...] 3. Means, manner, and similar relations, including manner of employment. [...] 4. Purpose or intension ; generally expressed by the future participle. [...] 5. Condition ; the tenses of the participle, representing the corresponding tenses of the indicative, subjunctive or optative, in all classes of protasis. [...] 6. Opposition, limitation or concession ; where the participle is generally to be translated by although and a verb. [...] 7. Any attendant circumstance, the participle being merely descriptive. This is one of the most common relations of this participle. E.g. Ἐρχεται τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα, she comes bringing her son, X.C.1,31 Παραλαβόντες Βοιωτοὺς ἐστρατεύσαν ἐπὶ Φάρσαλον, they took Boeotians with them and marched against Pharsalus, T.1,111. The participle here can often be best translated by a verb, as in the last example. 8. That in which the action of the verb consists. [...] |
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